Alice Walkers Efforts for the Civil Rights Movement

Alice Walker, born February ninth of 1944, was a child of tenant farmers in Eatonton, Georgia. As she lost sight in one eye from being shot with a BB gun, she read and wrote surrounding herself with her mother and aunts. As she witnessed the independence of these women, along with the oppression of the sharecropping system and violent racist acts, her artistic view was shaped. In 1961, she got involved with the Civil Right Movement at Spelman College, and became active after moving to Mississippi. Together with her husband, Civil Rights Lawyer Melvyn Rosenman Leventhal, married in March of 1967, she worked registering blacks to vote in Mississippi. They divorced after her daughter, Rebecca, was born. In 1968, Walker published her first poetry book, Once, and she became writer-in-residence, and a teacher of black studies at Jackson State University, and then Tougaloo College. In 1970, She published her first novel, The Third Life of Grange Copeland, a narrative of three generations o f a black sharecropping family. The novel was praised for character sensitivity, although it received little popular or critical attention. Alice received the Radcliffe Institute Fellowship in 1971, and the Guggenheim Fellowship and her second McDowell Colony Fellowship in 1977. â€Å"Alice Walker’s works have received considerable praise, particularly from the black and feminist communities,† (Bloom 12) and although criticized for the negative portrayals of men, she focuses on issues faced byShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Alice Walker s Everyday Use989 Words   |  4 PagesAmy LaPalme English 102 22 January 2015 Heritage: The Various Interpretations in Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† According to The Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2015), heritage is defined as, â€Å"traditions, achievements, beliefs, etc., that are part of the history of a group or nation† (â€Å"Heritage†). Heritage takes on mixed meanings for different people as a consequence of life experiences and belief systems. Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† utilizes characters with varying ideas of â€Å"heritage† to enlightenRead More Alice Walker Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pages Best known for her Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Color Purple, Alice Walker portrays black women struggling for sexual as well as racial equality and emerging as strong, creative individuals. Walker was born on February 9, 1944, in Eatonton, Georgia, the eighth child of Willie Lee and Minnie Grant Walker. When Walker was eight, her right eye was injured by one of her brothers, resulting in permanent damage to her eye and facial disfigurement that isolated her as a child. This is where her feminineRead MoreThe 1950’s -1960’s was a tough time for African Americans. Struggling for freedom since the 19th700 Words   |  3 Pages19th century, they were finally closer to getting what they deserved. Alice walker’s short story, â€Å"Everyday use,† describes the different stances blacks had during that decade. The author uses characterization, symbolism, and theme to demonstrate African American viewpoints during the civil rights movement. Characters are picked carefully because without them the plot of the story is nonexistent. In Alice walker’s short story, â€Å"Everyday Use,† there are three main characters. Mama isRead MoreThe Importance Of Family Heritage By Alice Walker1100 Words   |  5 PagesImportance of Family Heritage One of the most inspiring authors in American history is Alice Walker. Walker is the youngest child in a sharecropper family that found her overly ambitious and highly competitive (Walker 609). This gave her a strong fighting attitude, which allowed her to make positive changes in an extremely racist society. Unfortunately, when she was young, Walker was accidentally shot in her right eye with a BB gun while playing â€Å"Cowboys and Indians.† This accident caused Walker toRead Moreâ€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesIn its simplest form, a child is a product of a man and a woman but Alice Walker one of the foremost authors during the twentieth century, adds depth to her black American women by focusing on the role that race and gender played in their development. Family reunions can be times of great anticipation, excitement and happiness but for Dee, a young, beautiful, African American and our leading character, it was a reunion with underlying, unspoken tensions. Dee was Dee but Dee had changed; a new husbandRead MoreAlice Walkers Poetry1609 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the civil rights movement many women and minorities were suppressed from being able to be true to themselves and what they believe in. Civil rights advocate and â€Å"womanist†, Alice Walker, in her poems, â€Å"Burial,† â€Å"Be Nobody’s Darling,† and â€Å"While Love is Unfashionable,† analyzes the importance of breaking away from the stereotypes set by society in efforts to prevent struggle. Walker uses a variety of parallelism, allusions, and metaphors to persuade readers to break free from the crowd andRead MoreThe Effects Of Writing On Feminist Theory1375 Words   |  6 Pagesearly feminists pushed for girls to receive education including key success skills such as reading and writing. Most men were not thrilled about this revolutionary change. Their efforts to uphold the traditional roles of women a re expressed through the character Gaston in Disney’s Beauty and the Beast: â€Å"It’s not right for a woman to read, soon she starts getting ideas and thinking.† Once women attained the ability to write, they were able to speak for themselves on matters such as female psycho-sexualRead MoreThe Second Wave Of Feminism1594 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst advocacies for women’s rights, the Second-wave feminism in the 1960s saw itself as a movement that achieved great success in terms of women’s social, economic, and political rights. The Women’s Rights Movement that began in the sixties, in comparison to the first-wave feminism in the 19th century—whereas many activists focused on only women’s suffrage—the second-wave feminism dealt with a broader range of issues. From education, the patriarchal system, sexual rights, and the workforce, to advocatingRead MoreCulture And Identity Of The Sun By Lorraine Hasberry, Everyday Use By Alice Walker And Etheridge Knight s1930 Words   |  8 Pagesetc., identity can be defined as â€Å"the qualities or beliefs that make one person or group different from others (www.websters.com).† In exploring Culture and Identity in the literary works, A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hasberry, Everyday Use by Alice Walker and Etheridge Knight’s A Poem for Myself, several outside forces can be found shaping the identity of the respective characters. The most recurrent theme found among the aforementioned works was the impact racial divide made on their identityRead MoreThe And Its Impact On Society Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pagesalways faced. Of the many visual and auditory elements implemented in the Freedom music video, one of the most obvious and important is the utilization of both black/white and color film. Beyoncà © utilizes this shift from black and white to color in an effort to indicate the parallelism between the past and present. Through her use of color––and lack of––Beyoncà © depicts the blurred line between then and now and how, because of the presence of discrimination in our so called â€Å"modern† society, it is hard

How Money Is Used For Each Of Its Three Principal Functions

1. Provide a practical example of money being used for each of its three principal functions. Money has three principle functions; it is a medium of exchange, unit of account and a store of value (Mishkin, 2016). An example of money being used as a medium of exchange is when money is used to pay for goods or services. It is easier to exchange money for goods and services than it is to barter your services by finding someone who has what you need and needs what you have. An example of money being used as a unit of account is when money is used to measure value. Money standardizes the value of items so we have a common measure. In referring the bartering world, we know how much money the farmer would need to pay his doctor bills, as†¦show more content†¦M2 includes all of the components of M1 and additional assets such as small-denomination time deposits, savings deposits and money market deposit accounts, and money market mutual funds shares (Mishkin, 2016). The largest difference between M1 and M2 is its liquidity. M1 are very liquid assets. These forms of money could be converted very easily for the use of purchasing goods or services. M2 is less liquid than M1 but are still able to be turned into cash quickly. For example of M2, a certificate of deposit (small-denomination time deposit) can be cashed in with very little expense, but is still not as liquid as currency or money accessible in a checking account (Mishkin, 2016). 3. (a) What distinguishes the money market from the capital market? Two of the most commonly used components of the financial markets are money markets and capital markets. The biggest distinguishing factor between these two markets is on the basis to maturity of the securities traded in each market (Mishkin, 2016). Money markets deal with short term debt instruments- less than one year and capital markets deal with debt instruments – typically greater than one year and longer, as well as equity instruments (Mishkin, 2016). (b) Are these U.S. markets partially integrated into international markets? Explain. Yes, the U.S. money markets and capital markets are partially integrated into

Taking Out the Trash free essay sample

Directly overhead, the sun blaring down, and temperatures soaring well above one hundred degrees, a typical day in Jordan, a day that I would experience the most transformative part of my summer, taking out the trash. I began my adventure down the steep hill, leaning back to balance myself from losing my footing on the slick pavement. As I approached the worn iron dumpster, which rested unevenly on two legs, I noticed two young girls walking through a patch of land scattered with industrial equipment and construction debris. As I reached the end of my descent down the hill I began to notice distinctive characteristics of the girls, their shirts were torn, their hair dry and tangled, and their faces blotted with dirt. The duo walked barefoot towards the dumpster, hands empty, and eyes wandering. As I surveyed the surroundings, I noticed a massive tent, comprised of rags and sheets, a tell tale sign of a Palestinian refugee family. We will write a custom essay sample on Taking Out the Trash or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Outcasts of modern Jordanian society, refugees are seen as a the foremost blighting influence to the Jordan community, resulting in their current ostracism. From the short time I had been in the country, I had quickly become fond of the beggars that roamed plazas and markets, begging for money. I had presumed the same of these girls, they wanted my money, plain and simple, yet what they then asked me took me by surprise. They uttered a few words quietly in Arabic, not asking for money, but for me to leave my plastic bags full of trash on the street pavement. A bizarre request, leaving me puzzled for some time. I complied, dropping my trash on the street, and headed on my way. As I trudged up the hill I continued to ponder why they wanted my trash on the ground, it suddenly became clear, they were there to dumpster dive and search for remnants of food, as I turned around, my prediction was confirmed, one girl was scanning through my trash, and the other was fully in the dumpster. I w as compelled to do something, though encouraged not to give to the refugees and beggars, I couldn’t help but sympathize for the little girls, I gave what I could, though a fairly modest amount, it was monumental to the girls, who graciously thanked me and dashed back to their tent to brandish their bounty. Over those three weeks in Jordan, I absorbed many aspects of my heritage, culture, and ancestry. Traveling abroad for a vacation is dandy, but encounters such as mine truly shed light on the disparity between the advantaged life I live, and the adverse conditions many people around the world face daily simply to maintain a living. It’s not important how I felt for those girls, but how it has been a catalyst for social involvement. Since then, I’ve joined clubs such as Model United Nations, Habitat for Humanity, and chiefly, sparked an interest in international relations, a track I hope to pursue in college. I walked away from those girls knowing I did what I could, but knowing that in the future, I could potentially do more.

How Interior Management work in Corporate Essay Sample free essay sample

Your concern is a life. take a breathing being. You can non populate on H2O entirely. and your concern can non boom on a great merchandise entirely. The key to a long life is to equilibrate your wellbeing. The key to a successful concern is to equilibrate all 7 elements of your concern. We strive to assist proprietors accomplish success in these footings:1. The company breathes its intent.2. The concern creates optimum income.3. The company lives as long the proprietor wants. The model and interior workings of the Consilio 7 Elements of Business Management are meant to assist you voyage the complex and multi-faceted –and overwhelming—life of a concern proprietor. The key is to retrieve that all 7 elements are every bit of import and necessitate your clip and your money. Consilio 7 Elements of Business Management Each component requires resources of clip and money or your house will fight to last and turn. Our attack encourages balanced growing of all seven elements:PurposeTraditional Definition: Vision. values. civilization.Translation: Consistent reply to â€Å"Why? † ( Internet Explorer. â€Å"Why did I get down this house? † ) .Merchandise Traditional: Converting possible clients and carry throughing promises. Translation: Your thoughts shared and executed-with heavy accent on executed! MoneyTraditional: Processing. trailing. and describing financess.Translation: Your concern nutrient and H2O ; over/under eating does non advance wellness.SellingTraditional: Identifying and nearing chances to construct consciousness of services. Translation: The right people want to sit in your concern boat. TeamTraditional: Recruiting. preparation. and measuring staff.Translation: Who’s pull offing your boat? ToolTraditional: Determination. implementing and back uping equipment. assets and engineering. Translation: Efficiency supporters. GrowthTraditional: Strategic growing and planning to advance length of service. Translation: Time periods of dorks. bumps. splashes. and steep beads interspersed with periods of cool streamlined H2O. and populating to state about it. A word about planning:Your concern has a much improved opportunity for endurance when you proactively be after how you will utilize your clip and money. particularly when you account for all 7 elements. Take control of your intent. income. and concern length of service by be aftering your following moves with a program. Let us assist you—contact us today. The cardinal elements of directionPosted on 2012/03/19 by Jonas Linde Have you of all time wondered what direction does? Or maybe what direction should make? As with many other countries in life. direction is something that is subjectively defined. Harmonizing to Fayol. besides known as the male parent of the modern operational direction theory. there are 5 chief elements. or sometimes referred to as maps. that a director needs to execute. These maps are be aftering. forming. commanding. coordinating and monitoring. While Koontz and O?Donnel define the cardinal elements of direction as the following five elements be aftering. forming. staffing. taking ( or directing ) and commanding. Peter Drucker. in his book †The Principles of Management† . specify direction as a multi-purpose organ that manages concern and manages directors and manages workers and work. As I see it. direction is about acquiring a group of people to jointly make the aims of the organisation by utilizing the available resources every bit expeditiously as possible within given restraints. Is this what your director is making? Possibly your are a director. if so are you executing these maps or are you preforming other maps? 4. What is the most of import quality or accomplishment of a interior decoratorin ain forte?hypertext transfer protocol: //www. johnmcleanarchitect. com/Books/Becoming-IntDes/Mclean-profile-web. pdf 5. Give in brief sing Interior Design Registration A ; Licensing?Interior Design callings are ever in high demand! Turn places into plants of art. Learn more about what an interior design grade can offer you. Interior design schools are specialising in different countries of design. You can pick a specialised country. from commercial design to planing for persons. Receive your interior design instruction and get down doing the universe a more appealing topographic point. Salary Information Harmonizing to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. the average one-year net incomes for interior interior decorators were $ 40. 670 in May 2004. Education Requirements Education demands for interior interior decorators can change by place. but postsecondary instruction is recommended to obtain an entry-level place. After completion of preparation. which may dwell of a professional design school or a design plan at a 4-year college or university. most alumnuss enter an apprenticeship or go helpers to set up interior interior decorators. Many provinces require interior interior decorators to be registered or licensed. and following their apprenticeship. interior interior decorators may take the national licensing test. The National Council Interior Design Qualification ( NCIDQ ) test requires interior decorators to hold 6 old ages of design instruction and work experience. Growth Statistics Harmonizing to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. employment is expected to increase between 9 % and 17 % through 2014. Both the demand for new interior interior decorators and the figure of persons attracted to the field is expected to be high. In peculiar. there is expected to be a high demand for those interior decorators specialising in cordial reception or health care design. Search for Schools Interior design can be a great and honoring calling for a originative person who wants to do the universe a better looking topographic point! The right instruction and readying for the licensing test are important to going an interior interior decorator. so get down your hunt today! An Interior Designer is person who designs. or provides audience. drawings. specifications and disposal of design building contracts associating to nonstructural interior elements of a commercial edifice or construction. Interior design includes reflected ceiling programs ( a graduated table diagram of a room or edifice drawn as if seen from above ) . infinite planning. trappingss and the fiction of nonstructural elements within and environing interior infinites of edifice. If you are traveling to engage person to plan the inside of a commercial construction he/she needs to be licensed. Important Note: The services rendered that require licensure may be performed by accredited designers. Anyone who performs interior decorating or design services for residential intents is non required to be licensed. * Residential work includes abode edifices. single-family places. multifamily places. townhouses. flats. condominiums. and domestic outbuildings appurtenant to one-family or two-family a bodes. However. it does non include common countries associated with multiple-unit abodes. Please reach your local edifice section for elucidation prior to come ining into contracts for the services listed below. These points are offered as illustrations of services you do necessitate to engage a individual with a Florida licence and services you do non necessitate to engage a individual with a Florida licence. The list is non all inclusive. If you have specific inquiries. delight reach the section at 850. 487. 1395 or reexamine the regulations for the profession atwww. myfloridalicense. com. You should besides look into with your county or metropolis to larn whether or non a local concern revenue enhancement reception or certification of competence is required for services that do non necessitate a province licence. Please see our Unaccredited Activity page to larn more about how you can assist us battle Unaccredited Activity. Needs a License| Does non necessitate a License| Interior design of commercial constructions. including infinite planning. curtains. flooring. etc. | Interior decorating or interior design of abodes. *| Interior design of common countries of multiple-unit homes. such as clubhouses. anterooms. wash suites. swimming pool countries. etc. * Federal District Judge Robert L. Hinkle has entered an order. Opinion on the Merits. in the instance of Locke v. Shore in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida. Under this governing a individual must be a registered inside interior decorator to supply commercial inside design services in the State of Florida. However. any individual may utilize the rubric â€Å"interior designer† regardless of whether or non they hold a Florida licence. A individual may supply residential inside design services and may publicize herself/himself as an â€Å"interior designer† without a licence. This opinion does non alter the legislative acts in Chapter 481 but does impact how the Board enforces the legislative acts. hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/NCIDQ How of import is Interior Design Education in Today’sIndustry?hypertext transfer protocol: //www. careers360. com/news/8845-career-review-furniture-interior-design 7. Describe the Culture of Interior Management.There is no typical twenty-four hours at Interior Management. Every group is different at Interior Management. Most of groups are nice while there will ever be tough 1s. Make certain you find out if they will work you to decease or non because if you get in the incorrect group. you could be covering with a ton of maltreatment. You can ever inquire interviewer about public presentation reappraisal. turnover rates and the hours involved. Better ways to cognize is to happen connexions at Interior Management. inquire them. It all depends on groups and foreman that you are traveling to work with at Interior Management. If you get a good foreman so life is good. Best/safe advice to get down is to non excessively different from your co-workers in frock codification. work and communicating manner.

Public Relation Essays - Public Relations, Communication, Marketing

Public Relation What Is Public Relations? Public relations is the management function that identifies, establishes and maintains mutually beneficial relationships between an organisation and the various publics on whom its success or failure depends - Scott Cutlip Public relations, byname PR, is an aspect of communications involving the relations between an entity subject, to, or seeking public attention of the various publics that are, or may be interested in it. The entity seeking attention may be a business corporation, an individual politician, a performer or author, a government or government agency, a charitable organisation, a religious body, or almost any other person or organisation. The publics may include segments as narrow as female voters of a particular political party who are between 35 and 50 years of age or the shareholders in a particular corporation; or the publics may be as broad as any national population or the world at large. The concerns of public relations operate both ways between the subject entity, which may be thought of as the client, and the publics involved. The important elements of public relations are to acquaint the client with the public conceptions of the client and to affect these perceptions by focusing, curtailing, amplifying, or augmenting information about the client as it is conveyed to the publics. Public relations encompasses a variety of marketing activities that strengthen organisations credibility, enhance organisations image and develop goodwill. These are usually targeted directly at an audience, such as speeches, special events, newsletters, and annual reports. A public relation involves communicating who you are, what you do, why you do it, and how you make a difference. The difference between publicity and public relations The terms public relations and publicity are often misused. They are not interchangeable. Publicity is only one function of public relations. It is media coverage i.e. news stories, feature articles, talk show interviews, editorials and reviews. Other commonly confused terms are publicity and advertising. The key distinction is you pay for advertising. Because publicity is free, it is more credible and more likely to have an impact on the reader or viewer. Advertising is generally not considered a public relations function. According to the Public Relations Institute of America: Public relations is the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain understanding between an organisation and its public (Malan and L'Estrange, 1981). PR is a broad and complex activity although its basic objective is simple: to communicate in order to achieve understanding through knowledge. Consequently, PR exists, liked or not, and all modern organisations, because of their size and complexity, need and are concerned with PR. Good PR with the conscious effort to inform and be informed provides knowledge, understanding, goodwill and a good reputation. PR exists to keep institutions alert to an ever-shifting environment of circumstance and public opinion. PR is an on-going activity, hence the word sustained in the definition. It must anticipate problems and eliminate causes before problems arise. It is not there to rescue an operation or to apologise for it (Malan and L'Estrange, 1981). PR is essentially concerned with communication: between people, between people and organisations and within and between organisations. Activities and Methods Public relations activities in the modern world help institutions to cope successfully with many problems, to build prestige for an individual or a group, to promote products, and to win elections or legislative battles. The majority of public relations workers are staff employees working within a corporate or institutional framework. Others operate in public relations counselling firms. In industry, public relations personnel keep management informed of changes in the opinions of various publics (that is, the groups of people whose support is needed): employees, stockholders, customers, suppliers, dealers, the community, and government. These professionals counsel management as to the impact of any actionor lack of actionon the behaviour of the target audiences. Once an organisational decision has been made, the public relations person has the task of communicating this information to the public using methods that foster understanding, consent, and desired behaviour. For example, a hospital merger, an industrial plant closing, or the introductions of a new product all require public relations planning and skill. Public relations also play an important role in the entertainment industry. The theatre, motion pictures, sports, restaurants,

Consumer Driven Health Care Essay Example

Consumer Driven Health Care Essay Example Consumer Driven Health Care Paper Consumer Driven Health Care Paper Executive Summary The issues surrounding the full adoption of consumer driven health care range from cost pressures, employer concerns and the need of effectively engaging the consumers in decision making through the provision of adequate choice and information. Until now the government has been supremely instrumental in propelling the consumer driven health care system. While the merits remain engulfed in hot debates, the fact that consumer driven health care simultaneously creates both the movement, the financial responsibility, as well as the involvement in health care choices of the consumers has created serious concerns. As the evolution moves on, all stakeholders in the health care system are going to be affected. The plans will enable the consumers to personally navigate the system and directly engage with the providers. On the other hand, the pharmaceutical sector may become educators and an intermediary consumer movement may serve to satisfy the fact that transparent information will have bec ome a necessity for health care decisions. Leveled in line with these demands, the ensuing discussion analyzes the impacts on health care in terms of costs, efficiency and effectiveness in addition to the impacts with regard to the new consumer, and the stakeholders; notably the pharmaceutical sector. Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Descriptively, consumer driven health care system allows individuals to draw from their Health Savings Accounts or their Health Reimbursement Arrangements or such similar payment products to directly   meet routine health care expenses while protection from catastrophic health expenses is guaranteed by a high deductible health insurance policy. These policies cost less as the consumer meets routine medical claims from a pre-funded spending account. Should the balance in the account run out, medicals claims are paid just like in a regular deductible. Yearly unused balances increase future balances that can be invested for future medical expenses. The term â€Å"consumer driven health care† applies because routine medical claims are paid through a consumer controlled account verses a fixed insurance benefit. This scenario allows the consumers to occupy the role of a primary decision maker as regards the nature of health care they re ceive. Patients are therefore more likely to choose less expensive options and for those with chronic conditions, the system would promote compliance to treatment regimes(Goodman 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Proponents of such a health care system argue that in the long run, Americans will pay less for health care provision because of reduced monthly premiums and increases free market variability. Market variability due to the use of Health Savings Accounts fosters competition which in turn lower prices and stimulate improvements in the quality and delivery of health care services. Opponents of the system cite the fact that individuals who are less wealthy and less educated will tend to avoid the health care cost burden, when this is coupled to the inability to make informed decisions, then the result is lowered health outcomes. Additionally, since the system simply shifts the cost burden to the patients, those with chronic conditions will never be able to save anything. In the end, inequality in health care quality and delivery may reign(Gross 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Basically, consumer driven health care system is a derivative of the business model for health e-commerce ventures which were designed to enable consumers of health products and services to engage more directly with the providers in making the health care purchases. In essence, consumer driven health care is geared towards giving individuals more choice in making health care decisions and to help stabilize these costs. This system is a product of the same theories that sought to capitates payments to providers. The rejection of such a prompt gave rise to the consumer driven health care system(Kovner 2008). In the initial conceptual model, cost and quality of the relevant information was made available through the internet. The primary model relied on the creation of   Health Savings Accounts(HSAs) before the inclusion of a second model; the Health Reimbursement Arrangements(HRAs) which are funded by the employers who receive tax benefits for funding such accounts(Grudzien 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Impacts of Consumer Driven Health Care   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The phrasal representation â€Å"consumer driven health care† is in itself a revelation of the transformation in health care where consumers of health care services and goods are gaining more and more importance in health care industry. The consumers being the purchasers of goods and services in the health care industry suggests an existence of economic relationships between the consumers and the suppliers. The word driven implies that the supplier is going to be compelled to react according to the consumers’ demands and position as regards the provision of these goods and services. Implicitly, the complete phrase can thus be used to describe a situation where there exists a two way business interaction that is able not only to transform the health system structure but also reconfigure the health industry to engage in a competitive conduct. Such a paradigm shift in the management of health care is bound to present strong chal lenges, advantages and disadvantages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What effect will such a system of health care have on the effectiveness and efficiency of health care provision? Currently in the United States, over $ 1 trillion dollars is spent annually on health care. Critically analyzed, this is 15% of the Gross Domestic Product and is more per capita that anything spent in other developed countries. The magnitude of the expenditure itself calls for a need a novel idea such as consumer driven health care. If such a system of health care were to be adopted, then what forces will shape the new consumer of health care services? On this basis, it is prudent to discern the effects of the key players such as employers, insurers, providers, and government entities. All these forces will only support such a system if most beneficial to them. A third scale of analysis desires that we look into the ways in which the industry is going to change. This analysis borders on the certainty of a fundamental restructuri ng of the system through a set of rules governing the new competitiveness. These structural changes will most certainly be orchestrated by the new nature of buyer-supplier relationship(Ferrari 2004). The Effect of Consumer Driven Health Care on the Efficiency and Effectiveness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To understand the changes that may occur in the efficiency and effectiveness after the transition to consumer driven health care, it is prudent to establish the objective function which measures productivity. Generally, productivity is descriptive of the magnitude of outputs achieved for a given level of inputs. In the health care industry, the physical inputs like labor, capital and supplies should be able to achieve certain levels of health outcomes. In essence, this means that productivity will be used in providing improvements on the management or treatment of diseases since this is the fundamental production process of the health care system. However, the simplicity of the productivity measure can only be taken to be useful and sustainable if it is coupled to the variety of other societal entanglements as well as other complexities in health care provision.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Given that the current health care system in the United States is the most expensive system in the world, a comparison with other developed countries on the basis of mortality and life expectancy attests that the system is less productive. However, on the basis of four disease states (diabetes, cholelithiasis, lung cancer and breast cancer), evidence suggested that it was more productive comparative to Germany and the United Kingdom. The high costs were attributable to the high administrative costs, higher compensation of doctors and other medical personnel. Consumer driven health care poses as the most reliable option in changing features which contribute to productivity hence health outcomes. For instance, a transformation to prospective payment from cost plus system of reimbursement for health institutions. Other reimbursement plans that supremely focus on the health outcomes rather that the activity also furthers the gains(Ferrari 2004 ). Customer driven health care has the ability to create incentives for providers to adopt more efficient technologies hence increasing productivity due to the underlying market competitiveness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since this transformation does not in any way threaten the existence of a competitive market, the cornerstone of such a market will have to be an informed buyer who has the capacity to make an accurate judgment of the value of outputs received with reference to the level of inputs injected into the system. This would usher in an era of comparative shopping among the suppliers as well as differentially reward the suppliers who provide the best goods and services at the least cost. Moreover, the system would also allow the buyer to choose a level of productivity that is desirable and affordable and trade off other savings for needs outside the health care system. Given the nature of the transformation and the rewards consequent to the paradigm shift, it is reasonable to expect an increase in productivity, improvement in health outcomes and the improvement on the efficiency and effectiveness of the health care system(Forster 2007). Forces Shaping the New Consumer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are two major forces that possess the potentiality of shaping the evolution and the pace of the novel system. The first force is the degree to which the buyers of health care goods and services become empowered to spend their own financial resources and making their own buying decisions. The second force is the quality of health care provision and the accessibility of the relevant information that pertains to the inputs and the outcomes in the health care process.   In the case of marginalized consumers with inadequate heath care information, there is going to a continuity of the turbulence as seen in the health care system today. Such a scenario slows down the transformation to consumer driven health care system. On the other hand, when marginalized consumers have the benefit of adequate information, the consumer as the main driving force in the system retains a marginalized role in the purchases but is also associated in the trade-offs(Herzlinger 2004). The end result is an unstable relationship among the players since consumers are well informed and possess the power to make their own decisions in seeking out productive suppliers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Empowered consumers with inadequate information may create a scenario where there is a rush for the establishment of a brand making consumers to almost completely rely on the value associated with a brand. It is on the basis of such information that consumers will make their buying decisions. With the help of interpreters, superior information may be passed to consumers or alternatively, the interpreters may broker the brand to the consumers(Ferrari 2004). However, the best scenario is when there are empowered consumers in possession of adequate information. This scenario aptly captures the spirit of the productive economic system. It implies that the market is awash with consumers buying on their own account. The existence of such a scenario itself may eliminate the need for intermediaries. Not that there is going to be a vacuum where these intermediaries had occupied but that such a space will be occupied with a different faction, for instance, it may be the marketing or sales front end of the provider entities(Herzlinger 2007). This would demonstrate the productivity of the providers(suppliers of health services) to the consumers. Alternatively, the space may be occupied with an aggregator of consumers which may leverage the consumers’ volume power in negotiating a unit price for making the buying decisions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the end, the trend towards informed consumers who are able to make their own health care purchasing decisions will lead to an unprecedented change in the nature and quality of services and goods offered. These changes are not only positive in nature as they will shift the burden of health care costs on the shoulders of individuals. Such a change greatly challenges the deeply rooted societal perspectives on the roles of democratically elected governments. The creation of new consumer oriented intermediaries may usher in another era of misguided government regulatory intervention. Assuming that such a scenario does not arise then a consumer driven health care system has the potential to move health care provision to anew level of productivity hence better health outcomes for the United States citizenry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the contrary, because of these sub classifications of consumers based on empowerment and availability of information, individuals who are less educated and healthy may avoid the needed health care services due to the cost burden coupled to the ability to make well informed and appropriate health decisions. Moreover, as Jonathan Oberlander; a political scientist at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill reiterates, the system simply shifts the health care cost burden back to the patients. Patients suffering from chronic health sicknesses may not be able to afford such costs, since with a deductible of between $ 3000 to $ 4000, these patients will thus be unable to save anything in their accounts. Employers are specifically impressed because the system is beneficial to them. They will not adequately fund replenish the employees health care accounts even though they will save money(Gross 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The success of the consumer driven health care is dependent on the ready access to relevant information on health services, products and pricing. Due to the absence of free market variables in the health care industry, the lack of transparency will saddle consumers with additional expenses. This means that despite the theory that health insurance based on higher deductibles results in consumers shopping around for better products and services(based on quality and price), the inadequacy of such pertinent information practically goes against the attainment of benefits in a consumer driven health care model(Shearer 2007). Impacts on the Pharmaceutical Industry Currently the pharmaceutical industry has been shouldering the blame for the double digit increase in health care costs. Between the year 2001-2002, the consumer price index for health care increased by 4.4% while the industry index grew by 5.5%. A simple analysis of these percentages shows that the industry can only account for all the increase in the event that all other health care components shrunk. These statistics aside, the expenditure pent on informing consumers; $ 2.8 billion and a further $ 13.2 billion on informing doctors invariably increase the costs of health care in the long run. Therefore, unless new products are distributed for consumption without additional costs from these activities of pharmaceutical industries, the health care costs will continue to be high(Herzlinger 2004). Consumer driven health care has the potential of eliminating these costs hence advancing quality health care at lower costs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Health care markets are extremely sensitive to the presence of a market power. Medical device companies and pharmaceutical companies retain monopoly over devices and drugs for a considerably long period of time due to the patent laws. It is during this period before the expiry of the monopoly period that these companies earn monopoly rents, in effect leading to higher drug pricing. This is unlike the traditional neoclassical supply curve(Jost 2007). This trend will be reversed as consumers will be looking out for cheap but equally effective therapeutic alternatives, hence bringing the prices down in the long run.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With the death of the intermediary between the suppliers and the consumers, the pharmaceutical industry has started to align itself with the consumer of its products through direct to consumer advertising. This has only become necessary after the FDA lifted restrictions on direct to consumer advertising. This move has been viewed by many as a gap that allows the pharmaceutical companies to foist their drugs on the gullible public in the name of providing pertinent drug information. Moreover, the use of billions of dollars in advertising only increases the overall costs of the drugs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, there are those who view direct to consumer advertising as being revolutionary and instrumental in promoting consumer involvement. Such an exposure of drugs to consumers acts as an educational tool and helps the consumers to be more informed in making decisions in health care. Apart from getting information direct from the pharmaceutical companies, information technology is increasing consumer empowerment making them seek high quality but less expensive choices(Mason et al 2007). Therefore, even though the pharmaceutical companies bypassed the physicians and moved directly to the consumer in advertising and promotion, consumer empowerment means that the era in which the extra expenditures were passed onto the consumers will be long gone. Such an eventuality will stimulate a dramatic restructuring of the industry. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The potential of a consumer driven health care system to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the quality and delivery of health care are huge. However, the fact that access to health care is hinged on the ready access to relevant information remains the main obstacle in the realization of the full benefits. Health care and market forces are mutually exclusive. The existence of a competitive market; the cornerstone of which is an informed buyer increases the capacity of the buyer to make an accurate judgment of the value of outputs received with reference to the level of inputs injected into the system. So long as information is easily and cheaply accessible and transparency in the health care industry is promoted, the system may well be the answer to age old failures of the current most popular health care system. By putting insurance money under the complete control of the patients themselves, giving the employers cost relief, and eliminating the intermediary in the doctor-patient relationship, the system will undoubtedly achieve its health outcomes. References Ferrari, T. Bernard. (2004). Where Will Consumer Driven Health Care Take the Health Care   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   System. In Consumer-driven Health Care: Implications for Providers, Payers, and   Ã‚  Ã‚   Policymakers. Regina E. Herzlinger(Eds). John Wiley and Sons. p. 399-403 Forster, R. (2007). Market Forces and Health Care are Mutually Exclusive. Intelligently    Connecting Institutions and Expertise. Gerson Lehrman Group. Goodman, John (2006), Consumer Driven Health Care, Networks Financial Institute Policy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brief, Indiana State University Gross, T. (2007). Fresh Air from WHYY, July 9, 2007. Diagnosing U.S. Health Care and Sicko,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Too. Terry Gross interviewing Jonathan Oberlander, associate professor, University of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Grudzien, L. (2006). Can Consumer Driven Health Care, Health Reimbursement Arrangements   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and Health Savings Accounts Save Employer Sponsored Health Care Reform From Ruin.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Benefit Express. Herzlinger, Regina. (2007).   Who Killed Health Care? Americas $2 Trillion Medical Problem   Ã‚  Ã‚   and the Consumer-Driven Cure. McGraw-Hill Press. Herzlinger, Regina E. (2004). Consumer-Driven Health Care: Implications for Providers,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Payers, and Policymakers. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Jost, S. T. (2007). Health care at risk: a critique of the consumer-driven movement. Duke   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   University Press. Kovner, R. A., Knickman, J., Jonas, S. (2008).   Jonas and Kovners Health Care Delivery in    the United States. Springer Publishing Company. Mason, J.D., Leavitt, K. J., Chaffee, W. M. (2007). Policy politics in nursing and health care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Elsevier Health Sciences. Shearer, G. (2007). Testimony of Gail Shearer, Director, Health Policy Analysis, Washington   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Office, Consumers Union before the Joint Economic Committee, on Impact of   Ã‚   Consumer-Driven Health Care on Consumers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   consumersunion.org/pub/0225JECTestimonyNoSummary.pdf.

Executives Transition Management and Succession Planning of Non-profit Coursework

Executives Transition Management and Succession Planning of Non-profit Organizations - Coursework Example Starting from planning for the departure of an executive to the entry of a new leader, ETM encompasses three phases that include Prepare, Pivot as well as Thrive. On the other hand, Succession Planning entails the practice of preparing an organization for a leadership change regardless of whether it is planned or unplanned. One of the major aspects that makes Succession Planning an effective strategy is that it entails developing a board succession policy that is essential in providing tactics for enhancing leadership. In addition, as companies emulate the culture of succession planning, they create an important base through which the firm initiates talent development and leadership development. As stipulated by Tom Adams, nonprofits organizations highly value improving leadership through talent management are leadership management. Executives Transition Management in the article by Tom Adams is depicted in one of the food banks in the Midwest. Having been under the leadership of a female CEO whose performance was remarkable; the food bank experienced an expansive growth. When the CEO decided to retire, the board was very worried since they saw high chances of failure. However, through the guidance of the board chairman, the organization sought the help of a local banker who was exposed to ETM (Adams, 2009). This also entailed hiring of an ETM consultant and the formation of a Transition Committee to oversee the implementation of ETM policy. In this regard, the board of directors hired a new executive who was aimed at enhancing the activities of the food bank in its endeavor to fight hunger. As a result of the adoption of the ETM, the organization experienced various benefits. First, it helped in the exit of the founder and the hiring of new executives. In this way, the continuity of the organization activities was achieved.